{"id":798,"date":"2024-07-14T11:15:06","date_gmt":"2024-07-14T11:15:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aerospace.technion.ac.il\/lab\/cdl\/?page_id=798"},"modified":"2025-04-01T14:17:44","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T14:17:44","slug":"an-investigation-into-the-combustion-characteristics-of-ammonia-inside-a-radial-porous-media-burner","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aerospace.technion.ac.il\/lab\/cdl\/an-investigation-into-the-combustion-characteristics-of-ammonia-inside-a-radial-porous-media-burner\/","title":{"rendered":"An Investigation into the Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia inside a Radial Porous Media Burner"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">Previous research on ammonia (NH3) combustion has primarily focused on conventional free flames, with limited studies on porous media combustion (PMC). PMC has been successfully demonstrated to achieve low NO<sub>x<\/sub> emissions and high combustion efficiency at a fixed combustion location within a multi-layer ceramic foam. However, its applicability in micro gas turbines (MGTs) has been limited due to size constraints and pressure losses. To address these limitations, our work introduced a compact porous inert media (PIM) combustor- tailored for MGTs, as the first study to investigate PMC for gas turbine operation. We successfully demonstrated pure NH<sub>3<\/sub> combustion by achieving dynamic flame stabilization in a radial inward flow configuration. Furthermore, efforts were made to analyze flame stabilization mechanisms in tested PIMs and assessed combustion efficiency by evaluating major pollutant emissions such as NO, N<sub>2<\/sub>O, and unburned NH<sub>3<\/sub> and H<sub>2<\/sub> in the exhaust.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-957 \" src=\"https:\/\/aerospace.technion.ac.il\/lab\/cdl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/Figure1-removebg-preview.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"901\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aerospace.technion.ac.il\/lab\/cdl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/Figure1-removebg-preview.png 868w, https:\/\/aerospace.technion.ac.il\/lab\/cdl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/Figure1-removebg-preview-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/aerospace.technion.ac.il\/lab\/cdl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/Figure1-removebg-preview-768x254.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">In the radial flow configuration, the cylinder surface area increases with its radius and its velocity distribution is inversely proportional to the radius. As the flow travels through the porous media, it accelerates and is able to find a location at which it tends to stabilize as the kinematic balance between the burning velocity and the fresh mixture velocity is equal. Accordingly, radial PMBs offer a wider range of flame stability and power modulation rates compared to cylindrical axial burners, which are only dynamically balanced in a narrow range of flow rates. A schematic of experimental setup shown below<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-971 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/aerospace.technion.ac.il\/lab\/cdl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/Setup-e1743095563654.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"864\" height=\"388\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">Our study employs a silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic foam with Voronoi lattice structure. We investigated in two distinct porous inert media (PIM) matrices: PIM1, which has a uniform void fraction, and PIM2, which features a linearly graded void fraction from the inner to outer radius. In PIM1, the velocity field steadily accelerates inward due to mass flow continuity. In contrast, PIM2&#8217;s graded void fraction results in localized velocity fluctuations, with higher velocities near the outer surface, a drop in the mid-region, and an increase near the inner radius.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1038 size-large\" title=\"Porous Inert media structures\" src=\"https:\/\/aerospace.technion.ac.il\/lab\/cdl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/04\/pim1_pim2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\"> The study evaluated the burner flammability limits for pure NH<sub>3<\/sub> and NH<sub>3<\/sub>\/H<sub>2<\/sub> mixtures with 20% H<sub>2<\/sub>. The results revealed that the stability range for pure NH<sub>3<\/sub> operation in PIM2 extended over a broader range of mass flux compared to PIM1, highlighting the significant impact of the graded porous structure on flame stabilization. A spectrally-filtered infrared imaging technique was employed in a spectral region devoid of gaseous emission from the species present in the combustor, isolating only the surface emissions of SiC to measure the solid-phase temperature, considering the emissivity of the ceramic material.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Previous research on ammonia (NH3) combustion has primarily focused on conventional free flames, with limited studies on porous media combustion (PMC). PMC has been successfully demonstrated to achieve low NOx emissions and high combustion efficiency at a fixed combustion location within a multi-layer ceramic foam. However, its applicability in micro gas turbines (MGTs) has been [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-flex.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-798","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>An Investigation into the Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia inside a Radial Porous Media Burner - Combustion and Diagnostics Laboratory<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aerospace.technion.ac.il\/lab\/cdl\/an-investigation-into-the-combustion-characteristics-of-ammonia-inside-a-radial-porous-media-burner\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"An Investigation into the Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia inside a Radial Porous Media Burner - Combustion and Diagnostics Laboratory\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Previous research on ammonia (NH3) combustion has primarily focused on conventional free flames, with limited studies on porous media combustion (PMC). 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