Multi-rotor Acoustics-Constrained Flight Path Optimization
| Airborne package deliveries in urban and rural environments via drone platforms such as multi-rotors have become a fast-evolving market in general aviation over the past decade. Despite numerous advantages (e.g., maneuverability, low cost, etc.), multi-rotor platforms result in a significant acoustic pollution penalty produced by the harsh and distinctive sound emitted mainly by the rotors, which is already adversely affecting the health of many residential communities. Consequently, the development of effective mission planning frameworks that incorporate acoustic constraints is essential to mitigate these impacts while maintaining operational efficiency. This study introduces an innovative mission planning framework for multi-rotor delivery operations, integrating navigation planning with acoustic constraints. The proposed algorithm minimizes noise exposure to surrounding communities by employing a global optimization approach. It conducts an optimal graph search with the A* algorithm between delivery and destination points, over a digital terrain map containing elevation data. The navigation algorithm is subjected to an acoustic constraint based on a psychoacoustic metric of loudness. The constraint is implemented as no-fly zones around ground observers, mitigating noise pollution levels effectively. The mission planning framework presented herein demands low computational resources and thus has the potential to be integrated into a drone’s flight computer for real-time mission planning in the future. By addressing both logistical and environmental challenges, this research contributes to advancing sustainable and community-accepted drone delivery practices, reducing their acoustic footprint while maintaining overall operational performance. |
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